The Definition Civil Liberties and Some Examples

Civil liberties are rights that are guaranteed to the citizens or residents of a country or territory. Theyre  a matter of fundamental law. Civil Liberties vs. Human Rights Civil liberties generally differ from human rights, which are universal rights to which all human beings are entitled regardless of where they live. Think of civil liberties as rights that a government is contractually obligated to protect, usually by a constitutional bill of rights. Human rights are rights implied by ones status as a person  whether the government has agreed to protect them or not. Most governments have adopted constitutional bills of rights that make some pretense of protecting basic human rights, so human rights and civil liberties overlap more often than they dont. When the word liberty is used in philosophy, it generally refers to what we would now call human rights rather than civil liberties because theyre regarded as universal principles and not subject to a specific national standard. The term civil rights is a near-synonym, but it often specifically refers to rights sought by African Americans during  the American civil rights movement. Some History The English phrase civil liberty was coined in a 1788 speech by James Wilson, a Pennsylvania state politician who was advocating the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Wilson said:   We have remarked, that civil government is necessary to the perfection of society. We now remark that civil liberty is necessary to the perfection of civil government. Civil liberty is natural liberty itself, divested only of that part, which, placed in the government, produces more good and happiness to the community than if it had remained in the individual. Hence it follows, that civil liberty, while it resigns a part of natural liberty, retains the free and generous exercise of all the human faculties, so far as it is compatible with the public welfare. But the concept of civil liberties dates back much further and most likely predates that of universal human rights. The 13th century English Magna Carta refers to itself as the great charter of the liberties of England, and of the liberties of the forest (magna carta libertatum), but we can trace the origin of civil liberties back much further to the Sumerian praise poem of Urukagina at around the 24th century BCE. The poem which establishes the civil liberties of orphans and widows and creates checks and balances to prevent government abuses of power. Contemporary Meaning In a contemporary U.S. context, the phrase civil liberties generally brings to mind the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), a progressive advocacy and litigation organization that has promoted the phrase as part of its efforts to protect the authority of the U.S. Bill of Rights. The American Libertarian Party also claims to protect civil liberties but it has deemphasized civil liberties advocacy over the past several decades in favor of a more traditional form of paleoconservatism. It now prioritizes states rights rather than personal civil liberties. Neither major U.S. political party has a particularly impressive record on civil liberties, although the Democrats have historically been stronger on most issues due to their demographic diversity and relative independence from the Religious Right. Although the American conservative movement has had a more consistent record with respect to the Second Amendment and eminent domain, conservative politicians do not generally use the phrase civil liberties when referring to these issues. They tend to avoid talking about the Bill of Rights for fear of being labeled moderate or progressive. As has been largely true since the 18th century, civil liberties are not generally associated with conservative or traditionalist movements. When we consider that liberal or progressive movements have also historically failed to prioritize civil liberties, the necessity of aggressive civil liberties advocacy, independent of other political objectives, becomes clear.   Some Examples If the fires of freedom and civil liberties burn low in other lands, they must be made brighter in our own.  President Franklin D. Roosevelt  in a 1938 address to the National Education Association. Yet four years later, Roosevelt authorized the forcible internment of 120,000 Japanese Americans on the basis of ethnicity.   You dont have any civil liberties if youre dead. Senator Pat Roberts (R-KS) in a 2006 interview regarding post-9/11 legislation.Manifestly, there is no civil liberties crisis in this country. People who claim there is must have a different goal in mind. Ann Coulter in a 2003 column

Essay on Terrorist Financing - 2450 Words

Terrorism has been a major concern for the United States government for many years. Citizens of the United States have been immune to the terrorist attacks that are taking place overseas. When The World Trade Center was attacked using a car bomb in 1993, terrorism was brought upon the door steps of Americans. What was once a headline on the daily news has now became a reality in the life of the American citizen. An essential element in the strategy for the war on terrorism is to dismantle or disrupt the financial network used by terrorist. After the September 11 attack the Federal Government took several steps to combat terrorist financing, resulting with More than $140 million in terrorists assets have been frozen across the some†¦show more content†¦(U.S. Customs Service publication No. 0000-0171, October 2002) According to the U.S. Customs Service, Green Quest is in constant contact with law enforcement, intelligence, and financial establishments worldwide. Green Quest identifies several indicators of suspicious activity to serve as red flags or indicators for the banking community to further scrutinize. Operation Green Quest intends to target illicit charities, corrupt financial institutes, and underground financial systems known as Hawala which support terrorist organizations. The Green Quest initiative will also target credit card fraud, identity theft, counterfeiting, drug trafficking and bulk currency smuggling. The U.S. customs, Operation Green Quest, request the assistance from the individual banker, accountant, stock and commodity broker to report unusual or suspected transactions on voluntary basis. Listed in the pamphlet are 12 Red Flag indicators to be used for guidance. The Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FAFT) was founded in 1989 by the G7 countries. The G7 countries consisted of the seven countries that represent 68% of the worlds economy, at that time there are now eight countries and is now called G8. 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Sudan has taken many preventive measures to keep these terrorist groups out of Sudan, and we are currently attempting to limit their influence

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism free essay sample

Multiculturalism is where a variety of many different cultural/ethnic groups live together within the same society. In a multicultural society, there is not an official culture that every person must be a part of. Instead, all cultures are respected as much as each other. In general, a multicultural society is formed when people from many different countries all migrate to one place. For example, 10% of the UK’s population consists of different racial groups. Multicultural cities are called cosmopolitans. **** If you walk down any bustling London street, it is likely you will come across many people from different cultural backgrounds. For London now speaks over 200 languages and the diversity of different cultures within London is so great that easy definition is impossible. The city is home to over 300 nationalities that have over time moulded and shaped London’s culture to what it is today. Even so, it is not just London that is now considered multicultural; Toronto, Sydney, Miami and New York are also considered among the top five most cosmopolitan cities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, is it a good thing or a bad thing for a city to be multicultural? In determining whether being a multicultural society has more advantages or disadvantages, both sides of the argument need to be weighed. Advantages of Multiculturalism Everything we see around us has been influenced in some way by different cultures – our clothes, daily routine, music, food, art, sport and poetry are all as they are because they have been mixed with our knowledge of different cultural features. Through multiculturalism, we have opened our minds and have had the opportunity to learn about many different things: plus the country has benefited from it economically in many ways. What is more, living in such a society makes people more tolerant of each other, even if they are from very different backgrounds. It has taken a while to get to the point where we are all accepting each other’s cultures and ways of life. Finally, our lives intertwine (cultural diffusion) to create a fascinating hybrid culture to live in. Many cities around the world have benefited massively from immigration and multiculturalism, most famously Toronto. Therefore, what would our country be like if Britain had never accepted diverse cultures into our own country? Well, it would have a very different fashion industry†¦ Never heard of The Simpsons†¦ or Friends†¦ Fewer sports†¦ No World Cups†¦ No Barbie†¦ No Reggae†¦ No fast food or takeaways†¦ Well I think you get the picture our lives would be very different, that’s for sure. In addition, the renowned, economically well off and most interesting cities of the world are, coincidentally, always the cosmopolitan cities. I wonder why..! Replacement Labour Force will save the government money as they won’t have to pay immigrants so much and there will be more than enough people looking for work so every job is done. Plus, the less well off immigrants buy the inner-city slums and regenerate them into areas full of character with lively shops and restaurants and lovely houses: which are then bought back by the ‘better off’; the immigrants then move onto another area or have more money to buy a better house. Multiculturalism really does benefit all†¦ Disadvantages It would be naive to deny that the lives of ethnic minorities aren’t always easy. These people must try to adapt and it’s always hard to change many aspects of their daily life. Sometimes they are treated as if they were not worth the name of a citizen and they feel like visitors in their hometown. In addition, they might tend to be aggressive. One of the reasons that causes terrorism is indifference in society. This misunderstanding and intolerance to citizens of different nationalities may cause brutal terrorist acts and take the lives of many innocent people. Minority groups can get a lot of attention as they often say they are treated unfairly. This often means that there is positive discrimination against natives to keep the country happy. Unfortunately, this causes tension between natives and immigrants. British culture will be wiped out in the coming years if the Government continues to pander to all other cultures and abandons its original children. We should be maintaining a balance to preserve our own culture, which has developed over thousands of years. All cultures should accept the British way of life first and build their cultural identity around it. It costs the Britain millions to be multicultural, printing publications in multiple languages, changing signage, employing interpreters in law courts etc. What ever happened to the saying When in Rome. †? Conclusion For me, a multicultural society is one where people from all over the world can live together peacefully, respect, and learn from each other’s ways of life. Many believe that all Britain can ever hope for in the way of multiculturalism is mutual tolerance and not much else. But then again, England has been multicultural since the dawn of time London is a roman word and the royal family can hardly be called English. I think we still have a long way to go until we are a non-violent, everential, multicultural society considering all the terrorist bombings, racial shootings, etc. Nevertheless, maybe one day, we could finally produce a peaceful, deferential multicultural country, from which everyone benefits. It doesnt have to be one extreme or the other. We should all be proud of our cultural background but see it as something we all have in common; having our own cultural backgrounds. People are the same everywh ere. If people were less afraid of knowing different cultures, there would be so much more harmony in our society today. I agree some people from all cultures tend to keep themselves away from mixing with other groups, and that is not beneficial to any society. British ways are not always the best ways; we need to appreciate other cultures because a broadened society makes a better life for all of us. In conclusion, living in a multicultural society has many positive sides, because we can communicate with people who have different cultures and traditions. However, the government should pay attention to national minority’s problems and try to solve them, and then there will be no terrorism and violence in the world. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism free essay sample Multiculturalism is where a variety of many different cultural/ethnic groups live together within the same society. In a multicultural society, there is not an official culture that every person must be a part of. Instead, all cultures are respected as much as each other. In general, a multicultural society is formed when people from many different countries all migrate to one place. For example, 10% of the UK’s population consists of different racial groups. Multicultural cities are called cosmopolitans. If you walk down any bustling London street, it is likely you will come across many people from different cultural backgrounds. For London now speaks over 200 languages and the diversity of different cultures within London is so great that easy definition is impossible. The city is home to over 300 nationalities that have over time moulded and shaped London’s culture to what it is today. Even so, it is not just London that is now considered multicultural; Toronto, Sydney, Miami and New York are also considered among the top five most cosmopolitan cities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, is it a good thing or a bad thing for a city to be multicultural? In determining whether being a multicultural society has more advantages or disadvantages, both sides of the argument need to be weighed. Advantages of Multiculturalism Everything we see around us has been influenced in some way by different cultures – our clothes, daily routine, music, food, art, sport and poetry are all as they are because they have been mixed with our knowledge of different cultural features. Through multiculturalism, we have opened our minds and have had the opportunity to learn about many different things: plus the country has benefited from it economically in many ways. What is more, living in such a society makes people more tolerant of each other, even if they are from very different backgrounds. It has taken a while to get to the point where we are all accepting each other’s cultures and ways of life. Finally, our lives intertwine (cultural diffusion) to create a fascinating hybrid culture to live in. Many cities around the world have benefited massively from immigration and multiculturalism, most famously Toronto. Therefore, what would our country be like if Britain had never accepted diverse cultures into our own country? Well, it would have a very different fashion industry†¦ Never heard of The Simpsons†¦ or Friends†¦ Fewer sports†¦ No World Cups†¦ No Barbie†¦ No Reggae†¦ No fast food or takeaways†¦ Well I think you get the picture our lives would be very different, that’s for sure. In addition, the renowned, economically well off and most interesting cities of the world are, coincidentally, always the cosmopolitan cities. I wonder why..! Replacement Labour Force will save the government money as they won’t have to pay immigrants so much and there will be more than enough people looking for work so every job is done. Plus, the less well off immigrants buy the inner-city slums and regenerate them into areas full of character with lively shops and restaurants and lovely houses: which are then bought back by the ‘better off’; the immigrants then move onto another area or have more money to buy a better house. Multiculturalism really does benefit all†¦ Disadvantages It would be naive to deny that the lives of ethnic minorities aren’t always easy. These people must try to adapt and it’s always hard to change many aspects of their daily life. Sometimes they are treated as if they were not worth the name of a citizen and they feel like visitors in their hometown. In addition, they might tend to be aggressive. One of the reasons that causes terrorism is indifference in society. This misunderstanding and intolerance to citizens of different nationalities may cause brutal terrorist acts and take the lives of many innocent people. Minority groups can get a lot of attention as they often say they are treated unfairly. This often means that there is positive discrimination against natives to keep the country happy. Unfortunately, this causes tension between natives and immigrants. British culture will be wiped out in the coming years if the Government continues to pander to all other cultures and abandons its original children. We should be maintaining a balance to preserve our own culture, which has developed over thousands of years. All cultures should accept the British way of life first and build their cultural identity around it. It costs the Britain millions to be multicultural, printing publications in multiple languages, changing signage, employing interpreters in law courts etc. What ever happened to the saying When in Rome. †? Conclusion For me, a multicultural society is one where people from all over the world can live together peacefully, respect, and learn from each other’s ways of life. Many believe that all Britain can ever hope for in the way of multiculturalism is mutual tolerance and not much else. But then again, England has been multicultural since the dawn of time London is a roman word and the royal family can hardly be called English. I think we still have a long way to go until we are a non-violent, everential, multicultural society considering all the terrorist bombings, racial shootings, etc. Nevertheless, maybe one day, we could finally produce a peaceful, deferential multicultural country, from which everyone benefits. It doesnt have to be one extreme or the other. We should all be proud of our cultural background but see it as something we all have in common; having our own cultural backgrounds. People are the same everywh ere. If people were less afraid of knowing different cultures, there would be so much more harmony in our society today. I agree some people from all cultures tend to keep themselves away from mixing with other groups, and that is not beneficial to any society. British ways are not always the best ways; we need to appreciate other cultures because a broadened society makes a better life for all of us. In conclusion, living in a multicultural society has many positive sides, because we can communicate with people who have different cultures and traditions. However, the government should pay attention to national minority’s problems and try to solve them, and then there will be no terrorism and violence in the world.

Minimum Wage History Repeats Itself Essays - Economy,

Minimum Wage: History Repeats Itself Affecting not only Bakersfield in particular, minimum wage is a terrible solution to a simple problem that has repeated itself since the first minimum wage recorded in 1938. Minimum wage is the absolute minimum monetary value a company is legally obligated to pay their employees. This minimum amount is relative to the state and in some cases to cities within the states. In the state of California, the current minimum wage is $10.50 per hour and it is expected to change to $11.00 by January 2018. Since 1938, the minimum has been increasing in order to combat the gap between the lower class and the rest of the population, but "raising the minimum wage will not close the gap between higher-paying and lower paying jobs" (par 7). People want to earn more, but every action has an equal or opposite reaction. Rising the pay will not bring people out of low income, in fact it could make the complete opposite happen: "Over the late 2000's, the average effective minimum wage rose by 30 percent across the United States. We estimate that these minimum wage increases reduced the national employment-to-population ratio by 0.7 percentage point" (Jeffrey Clemens, Michael Wither). On paper, 0.7 percentage might seem like a low number, but it is equal to 1.4 million jobs. History repeats itself, people want "one more dollar" every time the minimum wage is increased, and every time the outcome is the same. It is not logical for prices to increase due to competition in a free market; prices have continued to rise over the years. The demand for more money for less work has forced economists in the government to raise the minimum wage many times throughout time. A raise in the minimum wage will raise prices for consumers, resulting in yet another need to raise in the minimum wage. Research and Findings Set a single minimum wage and leave it alone. Many countries around the world has set their national minimum wage to a certain amount and none has failed. Most if not all of these economies have matured and molded to the minimum wage, allowing for the market to develop with it and create a natural equilibrium in all sections. According to Luke Ryan in his article titled "Australia shows why raising the minimum wage doesn't always fix poverty", "The Australian minimum wage is only 43% of the average full-time wage, [...] In the United States that ratio is 27% "(Ryan). The minimum wage does not have to increase in order to create equilibrium between those getting paid above minimum wage and those who don't. Though the statistics may seem counter to the statement, it has been noted by Ryan that the US economy "... puts a single parent on the minimum wage solidly below the poverty line." (par 8). Australia overcame the need to adjust minimum wage every year, and the ir economy balanced out at nearly 50% of their population at exactly minimum wage. Note that if the minimum wage is $10.00 an hour, an individual earning $10.50 in no longer part of the 50%. This ratio is true for all countries researched that has implemented a single minimum wage that has not been altered since then. The obvious solution for the United States' dysfunctional and demanding minimum wage is to simply allow their free market to mold and adjust around a set variable, only then the economy will find an equilibrium and a rise in minimum wage will not even be a subject to debate any longer. Solution 2 Encourage people to consider the minimum wage what it is supposed to be; the lowest possible income for a single individual to survive. People have gotten the wrong idea of what minimum wage is. Society relies on minimum wage as a full-time income to support themselves and often time their dependents. They believe that by raising the minimum wage they can finally break through the barrier of poverty, when they are actually encouraging inflation. Inflation will not only hurt the economy, but it will hurt the same individuals it aims to aid. This will force employers to either lower the work force or increase prices which

How important was Bismark in the unification of Germany Essays

How important was Bismark in the unification of Germany Essays How important was Bismark in the unification of Germany Essay How important was Bismark in the unification of Germany Essay Unification in Germany was a long held aspiration. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the German people were looking for an identity as a country and as a united people. This sense of nationalism stemmed from many origins such as Cultural, Economic, Political and Military. Through the Burtschengadens, wars of unification and the Creation of the Zolverein we can see that national sentiments were a wide spread phenomenon within Germany at this time, with growth of nationalism especially predominant in the Prussian area. Germany was aiming for unification, and the one man who brought about change is Otto von Bismark, upon whom the topic of German Unification is often centered on. He was seen as the smith of the nation and the force behind the developments of Unity of German states. However, there is a notation that Bismarks role in the unification process is often exaggerated. His admirers often exaggerate the extent of the obstacles in his path Medlicott. There were other factors that were significant in the Bringing together of Germany, however Bismark was able to manipulate them and bring a rapid expansion of national sentiments throughout the country resulting in the unification of Germany. Undoubtedly, Bismark contributed to a great extent in the unification of Germany; however, his amazing diplomatic skill wasnt in having perfect planning to achieve the aim of unifying Germen states. He was a brilliant diplomat and statesman, but in his famous Blood and iron speech, he set the tone for his rule he would use force to achieve his goals if necessary. The ends justify the means, Bismarck had particularly conservative aspirations and wanted to solve the problem of Klein versus Gross Deutschland, a heavily debated topic within Germany at the time. He gave rise to the term Realpolitik government policy was divorced from moral considerations, but dictated by the practical necessities of power and judged by success. Bismarks leadership can be described as cleverly calculated as his use of planning and manipulation was prevalent throughout. This was seen in his planning for the Austrian war, The Treaty of Prague and the manipulation of France. Taking advantages in the weakening of Austria after the Crimean War, Bismark intensified the unification of Germany under Prussian will. However equally important was the opportunistic notation of his leadership. Bismark was a clever opportunist who took full advantage of events as they occurred to secure his aims. He played this role well because he had a realistic insight into the nature of European politics. Since he had served as Prussian delegate to the Diet of the German Confederation, and ambassadors to St. Petersburg and Paris, he acquired first-hand insight on the structure of the Confederation, the necessity of a Russo-Prussian understanding, and the weaknesses of Napoleon III of France. His clever use of opportunism was expressed through the Ems telegraph. Bismark re-wrote the text of the Ems Telegram which was sent by the King in Ems. Bismark garnered the title of an opportunistic leader, as he also expressed this in the Polish revolt. Thus, it is fair to say Bismark was an opportunist rather than a master planner in completing the unification of Germany. He intended to strengthen the power of Prussia among the Germen states. Facing the threat of Austria, unless Prussia took the leading role in unification process, otherwise, Prussia would never have chance to come up. Bismark achieved the goal by taking advantages in circumstances, to build up friendship with powers, to isolate his enemies and to extend Prussian power in the name of German nationalism. This notation is reinforced by Pflanze only under the stimulation provided by Bismark for his own political ends did German Nationalism begin to move the masses. His diplomatic skill made himself as a significant political figure in Prussian politics. As expressed by Mosse -If he played his hand with great skill, it was a good one in the first place. Only on analyzing other factors influencing the unification of Germany, can we really determine whether or not Bismark role was greatly exaggerated. There were in fact many internal factors which contributed to the rise of nationalism. In 1815, nationalist feelings were expressed in universities among Germanys writer and poets such as Hansel and Gretel by the Grimm Brothers. Cultural nationalism found a repetitive audience amongst the middle classes who attended Germanys better schools and universities. They formed the Burtschengadens and student societies. However these were outlawed by Metternich in the Carlsbad decrees. The German states were starting to experience the related processes of industrialization and urbanization. The former created a growing class of unemployed artisans whose skills had been replaced by machines. The latter created slums and squalor. The consequent discontent led to demands for political change, for governments that would be more responsive to needs of the poor; some of these demands included a demand for single German government. In addition, the growing middle classes saw the advantages of unity as the customs union or Zollverein led by Prussia had increased their prosperity as trade flourished; this was also emphasized by the creation of the Frankfurt Parliament. Moreover Prussia itself was becoming richer and more able to pay for a large army that might challenge Austria. Finally economic growth meant improved communications and great travel especially by rail; nationalist ideas could spread more easily. As Carr said Prussia became railway to success. Thus in several ways social and economic change helped the rise of German nationalism. The idea of a united Germany had deeper roots. United by language it was felt that they should be united politically as well. There were external factors, which we have to establish in identifying whether Bismark role was greatly exaggerated. The French conquest, under Napoleon, of the German states had profound consequences. Invasion, occupation by a foreign ruler and a war of liberation, all inspired a stronger sense of German identity. The French had rearranged the small states into 3 large ones demonstrating that change was possible. They had also introduced liberal laws which removed the power and privileges of the nobility. The spread of liberalism helped develop nationalism as it reinforced the idea that people with a common language, tradition and culture had a right to decide they should be part of one state. Political nationalism hinges on the collective weakness of the German states in the face of the foreign states. The German states faced threats expansionism from powers including Russia threatening Prussia and Austria, France threatening the west bank of the Rhine and Denmark threatened territory in the Duchies of Schleswig. Bismarks role has not been greatly exaggerated but it is important that it is kept in context. It is evident that many historical opinions have huge divided. It is clear that Bismark formed Germany in the manner in which it came about. For instance, the type of state that emerged and the timescale in which it emerged. However, it is equally clear that greater German unity was something that had a degree of unavoidability and that as Bismark himself remarked Marked cannot create the current of events, He can only float with it and steer.

Racial Discrimination essays

Racial Discrimination essays The U.S. Supreme Court has just dismissed a case that would have decided a longstanding question of whether disparate impact claims are available under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). Adams v. Florida Power Corp. What this means for employers is that, in the Eleventh Circuit at least, plaintiffs will not be able prevail on ADEA suits unless they can show that the employer intended to discriminate against them because of their age. There are two basic types of discrimination claims: disparate impact and disparate treatment. Disparate treatment claims require the person complaining to show that the employer intended to discriminate against him or her when it took the questionable employment action. Disparate impact claims do not require proof of intentional discrimination. Instead, disparate impact claims are based on the theory that an employer's policy that appears neutral on its face actually affects a protected group more harshly than an unprotected group. Disparate impact claims are available under Title VII, but the federal appeals courts are divided on whether they are available under the ADEA. The ADEA's language is slightly different from that of Title VII because it allows an employer to make decisions based on "reasonable factors other than age." Courts that do not permit disparate impact claims under the ADEA rely on this language. The First, Seventh, Tenth, and Eleventh Circuits do not allow disp arate impact claims under the ADEA. The Second, Eighth, and Ninth Circuits have allowed them. The Supreme Court's dismissal of the case surprised many labor and employment attorneys because the Court had heard oral argument in the case and because of the split among the circuits on this issue. Investigating suspected employee theft, monitoring telephone usage, and random drug testing are just a few of the common practices used by employers to increase productivity and ensure safety in the workplace. Employers...

Strategy and Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategy and Operations - Essay Example The operational level deals with production and control, inventory management, material handling, equipment maintenance policies and inspection and quality control. Tactical level deals with plant layout, structuring, equipment selections and replacement and project management. Strategic level deals with fixation of location and size of the manufacturing plants, and also deals with the structure of networking and services and developing technology supply chains (MIT Sloan School of Management, 2010). The operations function of any company moves in the direction on what the company’s business is all about. If the organization is into a manufacturing business, then it’s an operation that produces the products. If the organization is a service provider, then operations offers the services. Operations management involves managing various segments of operations (Krannert School of Management, 2010). The operational management provides the manager with the tools and techniques in performing the operational, tactical and strategic levels of operations in the organization that produces goods and services. Operations management is a vital part of business that deals with the production of goods and services and engages the accountability of certifying the business operations that are effective and efficient. It is the management of resources and the allocation of merchandise and services to consumers (Technology for Future, 2010). This process is popularly used in garages, service shops, furniture restorer, printers that produce tickets for the local social event and includes numerous precision engineers such as specialist tool makers (Slack & Et. Al., 2010). In this process identical units are produced in a group called as batches. The units in one batch may differ significantly with the other batch. Each batch is different from other as the designs are different (Caplan, n.d.). This process is